Ways money left without anyone knowing why.
A growing, searchable catalog of named invoice-fraud patterns — the detection signal for each, and how severe it is. If you recognize one from your own AP process, that’s the point.
The Slow Drift
HighA vendor’s bank details change by one or two digits over several invoices, each small enough to escape notice.
The New Vendor Clone
CriticalA near-duplicate vendor record (one character off the name) is created to receive a redirected payment.
The Midnight Edit
HighBank details are altered outside business hours, when no one is reviewing change requests.
The Ghost PO
HighAn invoice references a purchase order that does not exist in the system.
The Pay-Twice
HighThe same invoice is submitted again with a trivially modified number (-A, -REV, extra zero).
The Round Thousand
MediumAmounts land on exact round thousands far more often than genuine billing would produce.
The Threshold Sneak
HighInvoices priced just under an approval threshold to avoid a second signature.
The Split Invoice
HighOne large purchase broken into several smaller invoices to stay below review limits.
The Resurrected Vendor
MediumA dormant or terminated vendor suddenly issues invoices again.
The Lookalike Domain
CriticalRemittance emails arrive from a domain one character off the real vendor’s.
The Early-Pay Pressure
MediumUrgent “pay today for a discount” framing designed to bypass verification.
The CEO Wire
CriticalA spoofed executive request to wire funds urgently and confidentially.
The Tax-ID Swap
HighA vendor’s tax ID quietly changes while the display name stays the same.
The Currency Flip
MediumAn amount’s currency is changed (USD→EUR) to inflate the paid value.
The Recurring Phantom
HighA small recurring charge for a service no one can identify, riding under scrutiny.
The PO Padding
MediumInvoiced quantity exceeds the PO by a small margin on every line.
The Backdated Invoice
MediumAn invoice dated into a prior, already-closed period to dodge current review.
The Weekend Batch
MediumSuspicious invoices clustered in weekend/holiday runs with reduced oversight.
The Remit-To Override
CriticalA one-off “remit to a different account this time” note attached to a legitimate invoice.
The Duplicate Across Systems
HighThe same invoice paid once in the ERP and again via a one-off manual payment.
The Fuzzy Vendor
HighTwo vendor records for the same entity, one routing to a fraudulent account.
The Inflated Unit Price
MediumUnit price creeps above contract on invoices that otherwise look routine.
The Missing Goods Receipt
HighPayment for goods/services with no receipt confirming delivery.
The Stale Approval
MediumAn old approval reused to authorize a new, different invoice.
The AI-Generated PO Ghost
HighAn automated system fabricates a plausible-looking PO reference that was never issued.
The Reissued Number
MediumAn invoice number reused across periods to mask a repeat payment.
The Vendor Email Takeover
CriticalA compromised real vendor mailbox sends genuine-looking invoices with new bank details.
The Rounding Skim
MediumCent-level over-billing across thousands of lines, invisible per invoice.
The Off-Catalog Charge
MediumA charge for an item not in any approved catalog or contract.
The Year-End Rush
MediumA spike of low-scrutiny invoices pushed through during period-close pressure.
Recognize one in your own books?
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